{"id":2864,"date":"2025-11-18T14:49:13","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T19:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/it.rutgers.edu\/digital-accessibility\/?page_id=2864"},"modified":"2025-12-03T22:08:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T03:08:46","slug":"accessible-tables","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/it.rutgers.edu\/digital-accessibility\/accessible-web-content\/accessible-tables\/","title":{"rendered":"Accessible tables"},"content":{"rendered":"    <section class=\"cc--component-container cc--hero-basic  hero-basic color-light-gray\">\n\n<div class=\"c--component c--hero-basic\">\n        \n<div class=\"outer-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"text-container\">\n            <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"f--field f--page-title \"><h1>Accessible tables<\/h1>\n\n<\/div><!-- f--field f--page-title -->\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"f--field f--text \"><\/div><!-- f--field f--text -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><!-- c--component c--hero-basic -->\n\n    <\/section><!-- cc--component-container cc--section -->\n\n\n    <section class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text  rich-text\">\n\n<div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\">\n        \n    <div class=\"f--field f--rich-text \"><p>Tables can be a powerful tool for organizing and presenting data. While sighted users can easily navigate the column and rows to find the information they need, screen reader users are not able to do the same without headings that are appropriately tagged.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Appropriate use<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You should always try to keep your tables simple and avoid complex layouts. You should also always ensure that you are using the th (Table Heading) tag to identify the heading rows or columns in your table, as in the example below:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n &lt;table&gt;\r\n  &lt;tr&gt;\r\n    &lt;th&gt;Date&lt;\/th&gt;\r\n    &lt;th&gt;Event&lt;\/th&gt;\r\n    &lt;th&gt;Venue&lt;\/th&gt;\r\n  &lt;\/tr&gt;\r\n  &lt;tr&gt;\r\n    &lt;td&gt;12 February&lt;\/td&gt;\r\n    &lt;td&gt;Waltz with Strauss&lt;\/td&gt;\r\n    &lt;td&gt;Main Hall&lt;\/td&gt;\r\n  &lt;\/tr&gt;\r\n  [\u2026]\r\n&lt;\/table&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The WC3 provides great resources for how to code the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/tables\/one-header\/\">Tables with one heading row or column<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/tables\/two-headers\/\">Tables with two heading rows and columns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/tables\/irregular\/\">Tables with irregular headers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/tables\/multi-level\/\">Tables with multi-level headers<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Captions and summaries<\/strong><br \/>\nScreen reader users are able to navigate your page through a list of elements, and this includes tables. This means they could jump to a table, and without proper context (which you have provided in the previous text), they might not know that the table relates to. Having captions allows the user to understand what information is in the table.<\/p>\n<p>For this we use the\u00a0<em>caption<\/em>\u00a0tag:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n&lt;table&gt;\r\n    &lt;caption&gt; Toyota Sales FY 2025 &lt;\/caption&gt;\r\n    &lt;tr&gt;\r\n        ....\r\n&lt;\/table&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>For more complicated tables where a summary is required to describe how the information is laid out, you can use the\u00a0<em>span<\/em>\u00a0tag to create text under the caption:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n&lt;caption&gt;Availability of holiday accommodation &lt;br&gt;\r\n  &lt;span&gt;Column one has the location and size of accommodation, other columns show the type and number of properties available&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n&lt;\/caption&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>How to test for compliance<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You will need to use an automated checker like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wave.webaim.org\/\">WebAIM\u2019s WAVE Browser extension<\/a>. This is available for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge browsers. When you click on the plug-in, an overlay will appear with all of your issues.<\/p>\n<p>You can also use the developer tools in your browser to select the headings and ensure they have the th tag.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Common mistakes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Using tables to style your page<\/strong>:\u00a0<strong>DO NOT<\/strong>\u00a0use tables as way of styling the layout of your page. Instead, use CSS to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/css\/css_grid.asp\">create grid layouts<\/a>. This is much more usable for the end user, and will reflow (if done correctly) when the page is enlarged or viewed on smaller devices.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Other resources<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/tables\/\">W3C Table Tutorial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/techniques\/tables\/data\">WebAim Accessible Tables<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>WCAG standards<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20\/content-structure-separation-programmatic.html\">WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><!-- f--field f--rich-text -->\n\n    <\/div><!-- c--component c--rich-text -->\n\n    <\/section><!-- cc--component-container cc--section -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":257,"featured_media":0,"parent":2827,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-mini-site.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"page-category":[],"class_list":["post-2864","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - 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